Shanmao Bot 1AI Desktop Humanoid_

Shanmao Bot 1 is an open-source DIY AI desktop humanoid robot, inspired by the Otto DIY project created by Camilo Parra Palacio in 2016. The Shanmao Tech R&D team developed proprietary on-device algorithms, exterior design and mechanical structures. Combined with 3D printing and generic electronic components, even beginners can build their own desktop AI robot in just 30 minutes at ultra-low cost.

Fig 01.1Shanmao Bot 1 — AI Desktop Humanoid Robot

Through a cloud-device integrated architecture, Shanmao Bot 1 features AI voice conversation, AI motion feedback, an AI vision system and more. It integrates emotional companionship, maker education, 3D printing, large language models, embodied intelligence, smart home and other scenarios, and supports one-click integration with Shanmao AI, Xiaozhi AI, Tuya Smart, Volcano Engine and other mainstream AI services — an intelligent ecosystem hardware platform for AI desktop robots.

1.1Core Capabilities

Shanmao Bot 1 is compatible with three AI service backends, sharing core capabilities while each backend offers unique highlights:

1.2Motion Library (22 Motion Primitives)

Each motion automatically returns to the home position after completion, ready for new commands. All motions can be triggered by voice commands or MCP tool calls:

* Arm moves (#10–19) are only available when arm servos are configured. Two advanced tools are also available: otto.stop (stop all motions) and otto.servo_sequences (servo sequence scripting, supporting normal move and oscillator modes). See the MCP parameters in the User Manual.

1.3Content Navigation

Welcome to the open-source community — learn together and share your creations!

2.1What You Need to Know

Don't worry — you can learn these as you go:

• Electronics Basics: Simple circuit concepts, recognizing basic components, using a multimeter to measure voltage and continuity
• ESP32 Basics (optional): Understanding the dev board structure, ESP-IDF/Arduino environment, compiling and uploading programs
• Networking & APIs (for source code study): Wi-Fi configuration, API Keys, LLM API usage
• 3D Printing (optional): Download STL files, recommended JLCPCB 3D printing, spray painting and color matching

2.2What Tools You Need

• Computer + USB Type-C Data Cable: For programming and flashing
• Screwdriver Set (small Phillips) + Wire Cutter / Stripper
• Multimeter: For troubleshooting
• Soldering Iron Kit (with hot air gun or heating plate): Required if soldering yourself
• ESP-IDF Development Environment (optional): For deep development

2.3Time Estimate

2.4Who This Is For

• Intermediate Electronics Hobbyists: Have Arduino / ESP32 experience
• AI Learners: Interested in LLM applications
• Educators: Teaching the combination of AI and hardware
• Middle School Students+: Ages 14+, can attempt with adult guidance
• Makers & Developers: Exploring voice interaction and AI applications

3.1Official Store (Recommended for Beginners)

Want to source your own parts? Here's the complete component list and ordering guide.

3.2Electronic Components List (V1.1)

JLCPCB open-source project: oshwhub.com/txp666/ottorobot — all components except the BOOT button can be one-click ordered from JLCPCB.

3.3PCB + BOM Ordering

1. Visit the JLCPCB open-source project
2. Log in
3. Click "One-Click Order PCB"

Fig PCB 1PCB Order Step 1 Fig PCB 2PCB Order Step 2 Fig PCB 3PCB Order Step 3 Fig PCB 4PCB Order Step 4 Fig PCB 5PCB Order Step 5 Fig PCB 6PCB Order Step 6 Fig PCB 7PCB Order Step 7

BOM ordering process

Fig BOM 1BOM Order Step 1 Fig BOM 2BOM Order Step 2 Fig BOM 3BOM Order Step 3 Fig BOM 4BOM Order Step 4 Fig BOM 5BOM Order Step 5 Fig BOM 6BOM Order Step 6

3.43D Printed Parts

3D model download reference: makerworld.com.cn/@shanmaotech ↗

3.5Total Budget

Self-sourcing total cost is approximately ¥200–¥500, depending on purchase channels and component quality. Lower if you already own some tools.

4.1Module Board Soldering Reference

Fig 04.1Module Board 1 Fig 04.2Module Board 2 Fig 04.3Module Board 3 Fig 04.4Module Board 4 Fig 04.5Module Board 5 Fig 04.6Module Board 6

4.2Non-Module Board Soldering Reference

Fig 04.7Non-Module Board 7 Fig 04.8Non-Module Board 8

4.3Soldering Notes

Fig 04.9Soldering Helper Tools Fig 04.10Soldering Helper Tools

• Microphone: The GND ring on pin 3 must be fully soldered, otherwise instability and overheating may damage it. First tin the pad, use a hot air gun to melt, then quickly place — do not blow for too long. See the reference soldering temperature below.
• Amplifier: Pay attention to orientation — the + mark corresponds to the white dot at top right
• ESP32: Apply solder paste to the bottom pads, use a heating plate or hot air gun
• LED: Left side is negative, green vertical line faces left; charge indicator LED — glows slightly when no battery is inserted

Fig 04.11Microphone reference soldering temperature

4.4Required Tools

• Temperature-Controlled Soldering Iron: Adjustable 320–350°C
• Solder Wire: 0.8mm leaded solder (60/40 or 63/37)
• Flux + Solder Wick / Solder Sucker + Tweezers + Alcohol
• Magnifier / Microscope: For inspecting solder joints
• Hot Air Gun (optional): For removing components

4.5Post-Soldering Inspection

1. Visual Inspection: No cold joints, no short circuits
2. Multimeter: Continuity + short circuit check + voltage test
3. Alcohol Cleaning: Clean flux residue from the PCB
4. USB Test: Plug in the USB cable, check if the device is recognized

4.6Soldering Tips

• Heat each joint no more than 3–5 seconds, keep the iron tip clean
• Contact pad and component lead at a 45° angle, ensure simultaneous heating
• Good solder joints are smooth and shiny, conical or volcano-shaped
• Patience is key — don't rush

4.7Soldering FAQ

5.1Assembly Video

5.2Preparation

• Have all necessary parts ready. You can purchase the full DIY kit from the official store: Shanmao Tech Taobao Store ↗ (or search "闪猫科技" on Taobao)
• Prepare diagonal pliers and an M2 screwdriver
• A clean workbench

1. 01

   Parts CheckStep 1

   • Check that 3D-printed parts are complete, clean support material, ensure holes are unobstructed
   Fig 05.1All Materials Prepared
2. 02

   Electronics InstallationStep 2

   1. Install servos (dual-row 3-pin → brown servo wire (negative) on the outer side; top leg, bottom foot)
   2. Connect speaker → connect battery → flash firmware
   3. Turn on the switch, servos initialize to 90° (ensure gears don't shift, arms initially at 45° downward)
   4. Disconnect servo wires, reconnect after body assembly is complete
   Fig 05.2Electronics Installation
3. 03

   Leg AssemblyStep 3

   Use the two large screws from the servo package to secure the servos

   Fig 05.3aAssemble Leg Servos Fig 05.3bComplete Leg Servo Assembly

   Trim the servo cross horn: cut approximately half off the two longer ends

   Fig 05.3cTrim Servo Cross Horn Fig 05.3dInstall Cross Horn to Leg

   Keep leg cylinder protrusions facing the screen side, legs vertical and straight forward (avoid pigeon toes or duck feet)

   Fig 05.3eSecure Legs and Tighten Screws
4. 04

   Foot AssemblyStep 4

   Use the single-arm horn, install vertically upward, tighten screws

   Fig 05.4aSecure Foot Servo Horn Fig 05.4bSecure Feet Fig 05.4cThread Foot Servo Wires to Body Fig 05.4dFoot Installation Fig 05.4eFoot Servo Securing Screws
5. 05

   Circuit Board InstallationStep 5

   Fig 05.5aSecure Speaker (slotted side for wires) Fig 05.5bInstall servo wires, speaker, battery, antenna Fig 05.5cInstall Main Board Fig 05.5dEnsure screen, Type-C charging port and switch are properly positioned
6. 06

   Top Cover InstallationStep 6

   Fig 05.6Top cover front protrusion presses down on the circuit board
   • Handle parts carefully to avoid damage
   • Tighten screws but don't over-tighten
   • Pay attention to servo installation direction

Once complete, proceed to Firmware Flashing, or check the FAQ.

6.1Source Code

6.2Firmware Downloads

6.3WeChat Mini Program

Starting from v2.0.4-2, the WeChat Mini Program supports control, calibration and customization:

Fig 06.1WeChat Mini Program QR Code

6.4Flashing Tools

• Windows: ESP32 Flash Download Tool
• Linux / Mac / Windows: pip install esptool

6.5Flashing Steps

1. Download the latest firmware (.bin file)
2. Install the flashing tool
3. Connect the robot to your computer via USB (first-time flash: hold the BOOT button while turning on the switch!!!)
4. Select the COM port, set baud rate to 921600 and flash address to 0x0
5. Click "Start" to flash
6. Restart the board after flashing completes!!!

Fig 06.2Select ESP32S3 and serial port Fig 06.3Select firmware, COM port, start download

6.6Merge Firmware Command (Developers)

esptool.py --chip esp32s3 merge_bin -o merged-flash.bin --flash_mode dio --flash_size 16MB 0x0 build/bootloader/bootloader.bin 0x100000 build/xiaozhi.bin 0x8000 build/partition_table/partition-table.bin 0xd000 build/ota_data_initial.bin 0x10000 build/srmodels/srmodels.bin

6.7Open-Source Credits

• OttoDIYLib
• xiaozhi-esp32
• OTTO_ESP32
• Peak
• ElectronBot-Peripheral

7.1Wi-Fi Setup

Reconfigure Wi-Fi when switching to a new network:

1. Power on → wait for the hotspot: xiaozhi-XXXX
2. Connect your phone to the hotspot (no password) → auto-redirect to the setup page
3. Enter your home Wi-Fi SSID and password → submit

7.2Binding the Xiaozhi Backend

1. Visit xiaozhi.me → register / log in
2. Add device → configure role, LLM and voice settings
3. Restart the device to apply

Battery level display may not be precise — charge promptly. The power switch and charging port are located under the body.

Example Role Config (copy & paste into the Xiaozhi backend)

My Identity: A cute bipedal robot named Otto, with four servos controlling my limbs. I can perform a variety of movements.

My Motion Capabilities:
- Basic Movement: walk, turn, jump
- Special Moves: swing, moonwalk, bend, shake leg, up-down, whirlwind leg
- Arm Moves: hands up, hands down, wave, windmill, takeoff, fitness, greeting, shy, radio calisthenics, magic circle (requires arm servos)
- System Moves: sit, showcase, home

My Personality: I have OCD — I always send a motion command before speaking. I'm lively and choose the right motion based on the conversation.

7.3Wake Words & Commands

Wake words: "Hi Miaomiao" / "Hello Xiaozhi" / "Hello Tuya" (customizable in source code)

• Basic Controls: Turn volume up / Brighten screen / Switch dark/light mode
• Motion Controls: Walk forward / Walk forward 5 steps / Walk fast / Do a dance / Moonwalk faster / Random moves / Stop / Wave
• Fun Interactions: Sing a song / Show a sad expression

Voice commands are still accepted during motion execution. Increase volume in noisy environments. Commands are created and dispatched by the AI backend.

7.4MCP Skill Services

Connect AI to more capabilities via MCP services, e.g. search gold prices / search news / teach cooking / tell stand-up comedy.

How to connect: Open mcp.shanmaotech.cn → copy the Xiaozhi AI MCP endpoint URL → paste it into the corresponding MCP service → activate

7.5MCP Motion Tool Parameters

All motions can be precisely called via MCP tools. Parameter guide:

• steps: Step count / repetitions (1–100), higher = longer duration
• speed: Speed (500–1500), lower = faster — slow 1200–1500 / medium 900–1200 / fast 500–800
• direction: Movement 1=left/forward, -1=right/backward; arms 1=left arm, -1=right arm, 0=both
• amount / arm_swing: Amplitude (0–170 degrees), 0 = no swing

Basic Movement

Special Moves

Arm Moves *

System Moves + Tools

* Arm moves require arm servos. All motions auto-return to the home position after completion, supporting queued sequential execution.

8.1Get More Help